The assumption that cognitive and behavioral radicalization are clearly distinct from one another is contested in the linked article. It criticizes the idea as being unduly simple because it is founded on evidence of violent ideas and violent action. Additionally, the theory ignores the fact that governments, organizations, and groups can also become radicalized, either behaviorally or cognitively, by concentrating just on individual radicalization. The article makes the argument that there could be a greater relationship between beliefs and behavior in groups. It bases this on social epistemology, group psychology, and ethics. After addressing a number of criticisms, a more sophisticated method for researching radicalization is proposed.

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/09546553.2025.2502860