As the number of cases where categorizing an offender has been problematic has increased, there is growing agreement that the use of ideology as a motivation marker may be problematic. This article supports a new field of study and makes the case that the idea of grievance-fueled violence may help us better understand why people commit acts of terrorism, mass murder, fixation, stalking, or homicides of family members and intimate partners. A comprehensive conceptual model of the grievance development processes is developed in this work using a multimodal analytical method. The model is then tested on a sample of 120 offenders who either planned or carried out an act of severe or mass violence.

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/09546553.2025.2502405?src=recsys#abstract